Brazil is confronting a severe dengue fever epidemic through the release of millions of mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia bacteria, which impede the disease's transmission. With 1.6 million probable cases and 491 fatalities reported since January, the nation faces a crisis compounded by climatic shifts and novel virus strains. Health authorities are intensifying preventative measures, including the deployment of community health workers to eradicate mosquito breeding grounds. In response to the evolving dengue landscape, the government is adopting innovative strategies such as vaccines and Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. The Wolbachia approach has already safeguarded 3.2 million individuals in five cities, prompting its expansion to six additional municipalities covering 1.7 million people. A Rio de Janeiro laboratory, in collaboration with the World Mosquito Program, produces Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. Notably, Niterói, the inaugural city to achieve full Wolbachia coverage, witnessed notably diminished dengue cases compared to neighbouring Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, this method has demonstrated efficacy in reducing chikungunya and Zika incidences. Given its cost-effectiveness and proven effectiveness, city authorities are increasingly inclined toward Wolbachia deployment, with plans to safeguard 70 million Brazilians within the next decade. Learn more...

In neighbouring Argentina, the dengue outbreak is poised to break previous records, echoing concerns across South America as warmer and wetter conditions fuel a surge in cases. With over 120,000 cases reported in Argentina during the 2023/24 season, predominantly in the last two months, the situation has escalated far beyond the previous record-breaking season. Mariana Manteca Acosta, a director at the Malbran Institute, highlights a staggering 200% increase compared to the same period last year. Learn more...

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Japan faces a surge in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), prompting urgent investigations by health authorities. The National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) reports a record increase in cases, with 378 instances recorded in the initial two months of 2024, spanning most prefectures. Alarmingly, younger demographics are experiencing elevated mortality rates, challenging previous perceptions of susceptibility. Streptococcus pyogenes, the primary causative agent, presents mild symptoms but can escalate to severe complications, with a 30% fatality rate. The relaxation of Covid-19 restrictions in May 2023 is speculated to have contributed to the surge by altering public behaviour and undermining preventive measures. Professor Ken Kikuchi underscores the urgent need to understand the interaction between Covid-19 recovery and susceptibility to streptococcal infections. Japan's health ministry advocates for stringent hygiene practices, reminiscent of pandemic protocols, to curb transmission. As authorities strive to contain the crisis, proactive measures are essential to mitigate the escalating threat to public health. Read more...

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As of 13 March, Comoros has seen a rise in cholera cases, with 87 new cases and six deaths reported since 4 March. Since the outbreak began on 2 February, a total of 227 cases and 12 deaths have been reported across Grande Comore, Moheli, and Anjouan. Health authorities are conducting awareness campaigns in affected areas and decontaminating households on Anjouan.

The outbreak originated when a boat from Tanzania arrived in Moroni on 31 January, resulting in one suspected cholera death and several symptomatic individuals. Local transmission began on 5 February in Moroni, spreading to Moheli and Anjouan by the end of February and early March.

In response to the increased cases, Mayotte's Regional Health Agency (ARS Mayotte) is enhancing health surveillance, including communication for healthcare professionals and travelers. Learn more...

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Zahra Gholami, an employee at The Native Antigen Company, has a breadth of knowledge and experience in the physical sciences. Zahra writes:

Originally from Iran, I moved to the UK to pursue my Ph.D., and it's been a transformative experience. With degrees in Biology, Biophysics, and Chemistry, I've always had a passion for exploring various scientific fields. The opportunity to delve into different areas of science has been incredibly rewarding, and I'm constantly seeking new ways to expand my knowledge and skills.

I thrive in dynamic work environments where I can contribute to significant projects and take on meaningful roles. My journey has evolved from working as a scientist in the lab to my current position in product management, where I can apply my experience and skills in exciting ways. Before this, I was part of new product and process improvement teams, where I developed my skills in research and systematic problem-solving.

Outside of work, my family, including my curious son, keeps me busy, along with my love for books and art. Since joining the Native Antigen Company less than a year ago, I've found it to be a supportive and dynamic environment, filled with knowledgeable and dedicated individuals. I'm excited to continue growing and learning in my role here and eagerly anticipate the adventures that lie ahead.

We keep our content up to date so that you can stay in touch with the news and resources that are the latest and greatest for everything "Antibodies and Antigens." Check out the latest below.

Podcasts:

TWiV 1097: Tiny cells and giant viruses in a castle

Health Check: Dengue outbreak in Latin America

Infectious Disease Puscast #50

Products:

A Quick-reference Guide to Common Human Pathogenic Viruses is now available on our website.

Download the online version now or contact us to order your free copy at nac.contact@lgcgroup.com.

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